The Big Dangers of Small Objects

It’s no secret to any parent that small objects frequently find their way into a child’s mouth. While the dangers of swallowing many items may be obvious, objects like button batteries and magnets can pose especially harmful risks.

Over the past 10 years, more jewelry, remote controls, singing greeting cards and toys are using button, or disc-shaped, batteries and small magnets. This means an increased risk of health concerns that can potentially be more serious than choking, including erosion of the esophagus, chemical poisoning and perforation (tearing) of the intestines. When swallowed, button batteries can cause a low-voltage burn in a child’s mouth or esophagus and lead to bleeding in the stomach and paralysis of the vocal cords due to the leakage of chemicals.

Magnet Misfortunes
When a single magnet is ingested, it can pass through a child’s system. However, if more than one is swallowed, the magnets can attract each other through loops in the intestines and cause a rip or tear.

“These situations constitute medical emergencies,” says Kathleen Berchelmann, MD, hospitalist on the medical staff at St. Louis Children’s Hospital. “Even small batteries and magnets can be extremely dangerous. If you suspect your child has swallowed a battery or magnet, seek medical attention immediately.”

Have a Game Plan
If your child tells you he or she has ingested a button battery or magnet, a trip to the emergency room for evaluation is necessary. If you are unsure but suspect your child may have swallowed one of these items, it is still necessary to go to the emergency room to avoid the dangers a magnet or battery can potentially cause. If your child swallows an object that is not sharp, poisonous or magnetic and no signs of choking or chest pain are present, water can be given followed by soft bread (if age appropriate). Monitor the child for signs of blood in his or her stool, abdominal pain or vomiting. Even if no symptoms are seen, always follow up with your child’s doctor to let him or her know an object has been swallowed. If your child is choking or continues to gag, don’t give him or her bread or water; if surgery is needed, the food could interfere with the use of general anesthesia. In these instances, call 911.

“An emergency room physician will evaluate the child to see if removal of the object is needed,” says Ann Leonard, RNC, Answer Line nurse at St. Louis Children’s Hospital. “Also, remember to bring the item’s packaging, if available, which can help physicians determine how to best care for your child.”